Exophthalmos, also known as proptosis, is a condition characterized by the protrusion or bulging of one or both eyes. This eye abnormality is commonly associated with thyroid eye disease, particularly in patients with Graves' disease, where autoimmune inflammation leads to swelling of the tissues and muscles around the eyes. The condition can also occur due to orbital tumors, infections, or trauma that cause swelling or pressure behind the eyes. Infections such as orbital cellulitis or sinusitis, where the infection spreads to the orbit, can lead to exophthalmos as well. Additionally, conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus or other forms of inflammatory or autoimmune disorders can contribute to the development of exophthalmos.
Treatment for exophthalmos focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the eye protrusion. In cases related to thyroid eye disease, managing the thyroid condition with medications to control hyperthyroidism, along with treatments to reduce inflammation such as corticosteroids, can help alleviate symptoms. For orbital tumors or infections, surgical intervention or antibiotics may be required to address the underlying issue. In cases where trauma is the cause, treatment may involve addressing the injury and managing any resulting inflammation. In some situations, orbital decompression surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure and reduce eye protrusion. Regular monitoring and evaluation by an ophthalmologist or specialist are essential for managing exophthalmos effectively and preventing complications.
